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(We have resources on other assessments not listed here, so please reach out to us with any questions. Some information about certain assessment applications was gathered from the Art Therapy Catablog.)
| Belief Art Therapy Assessment (BATA) |
Horovitz, E. G. (1994). Spiritual art therapy: an alternate path. C.C. Thomas. Horovitz, E. G. (2017). Spiritual art therapy: an alternate path. 3rd ed. C.C. Thomas. Designed to understand the spiritual dimensions of a client; open to any art media; often used to counter grief or other spiritual crises. |
| Bird's Nest Drawing |
Francis, D. M., Kaiser, D. & Deaver, S. (2003). Representations of attachment security in Birds Nest Drawings of clients with substance abuse disorder. Art Therapy Journal, 20(3), 125-137. Designed to study attachment; 2D media; suited for children with attachment disorders, separation anxiety, or are living in a non-traditional arrangement. |
| Bridge Assessment |
Hays, R. & Lyons, S. (1981). The Bridge Drawing: A projective technique for assessment in art therapy. Arts in Psychotherapy. (8) pp. 207-217. Designed for examining a client’s functioning, their perception of their environment, and their perception of movement or stagnancy; 2D media. |
| Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS) |
Cohen, B. M., Mills, A., & Kijak, A. K. (1994). An introduction to the Diagnostic Drawing Series: a standardized tool for diagnostic and clinical use, Art Therapy, 11(2), 105-110, Designed to work in tandem with the DSM; highly-structured three picture interview; both its reliability and validity are heightened with proper training. |
| Draw-a-Person |
Naglieri, J. A., McNeish, T. J., & Bardos, A. N. (1991). Draw a person: screening procedure for emotional disturbance (DAP:SPED). Inc. PRO-ED. Designed as a screening procedure for emotional disturbance in children and adolescents; highly structured drawing prompts in 2D media; various criteria are evaluated, including the presence or absence of detail, and proportions. |
| Draw-a-Person-in-the-Rain |
Verinis, J. S., Lichtenberg, E. F. & Henrich, L. (1974). The Draw-A-Person in the rain technique: Its relationship to diagnostic category and other personality indicators. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30, 407-414. Designed to evaluate stress; 2D media, vertically oriented, any age group; a great segue into discussing a client's vulnerability, environmental stressors, supports, and coping strategies. |
| Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) |
Kagin, S, and Lusebrink, V. (1978). The expressive therapies continuum. Art Psychotherapy, 5, 171-180. Hinz, L. D. (2019). Expressive therapies continuum, 2nd ed. Routledge. Designed to evaluate clients during the creative process as well as the end result; any art media; can assess strengths, weaknesses, or a disconnect in a client's cognitive functioning. |
| Kinetic Family Drawing (K-F-D) |
Burns, R. C. & Kaufman, S. H. (1987). Kinetic Family Drawings (K-F-D): An introduction to understanding children through kinetic drawings. Brunner/Mazel. Designed to elicit the child's attitudes toward his or her family and the overall family dynamics by including all family members in one image in action; often used to evaluate potential abuse. |
| Kinetic House-Tree-Person (K-H-T-P) |
Burns, R. C. (1987). Kinetic-house-tree-person drawings (K-H-T-P): An interpretative manual. Brunner/Mazel. Designed to explore visual metaphors surrounding a client's feelings, self-concepts, and relationships; instructs the client to draw a house, a tree, and a person in action on the same page. |
| Levick Emotional and Cognitive Art Therapy Assessment |
Levick, M. F. (2009). Levick emotional and cognitive art therapy assessment: a normative study. AuthorHouse. Developed specifically for identifying emotional and cognitive disorders in children; 2D media but multiple prompt options; evaluates criteria seen as being developmentally appropriate by age group. |
| Person Picking an Apple from a Tree (PPAT) or Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS) |
Gantt, L. M. & Anderson, F. (2009). The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale: A measurement system for global variables in art, Art Therapy, 26(3), 124-129. Gantt, L. & Tabone, C. (1998). The formal elements art therapy scale: The rating manual. Gargoyle Press. Designed as a formal measurement system to work in tandem with the DSM; 2D art media; appealing for its greater focus on structure rather than content. |
| Silver Draw a Story (DAS) |
Silver, R. (1993). Draw-a-Story: Screening for depression and age or gender differences. Ablin Press. Designed specifically to screen for depression in children, especially those who have been abused, brain-injured, or emotionally disturbed; 2D art media; measures negative and positive themes. |
| Silver Drawing Test of Cognition (SDT) |
Silver, R. (2007). The Silver Drawing Test and Draw a Story: assessing depression, aggression, and cognitive skills. Routledge. Designed under the premise that drawings can be used to identify and evaluate problem-solving capabilities in children and adults; 2D art media. |
| Tissue Paper Collage |
Wallace, E. (1990). A queen's quest: pilgrimage for individuation. Moon Bear Press. Designed to encourage dialogue between the conscious and the unconscious through spontaneous artistic creation. Once manifested, processing questions and considerations may follow. |
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(We have some resources on other scales or measures not listed here, so please reach out to us with any questions. For a more exhaustive list of psychological assessments, we recommend checking out this list from Psychology Tools or the website Therapist Aid.)
| ADDICTION | |
| Drinking Motives Questionnaire |
Cooper, M. L., Russell, M., Skinner, J. B., & Windle, M. (1992). Development and validation of a three-dimensional measure of drinking motives. Psychological Assessment,4,123-132. |
| Severity of Dependence Scale |
National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA) & Flinders University (2021). Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): description, strengths and knowledge gaps. |
| ANXIETY | |
| Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) |
Shear, M. K., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., Money, R., Sholomskas, D. E., Woods, S. W., … & Papp, L. A. (1997). Multicenter collaborative panic disorder severity scale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(11), 1571-1575. |
| Severity Measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Severity measure for generalized anxiety disorder |
| Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder |
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Severity measure for social anxiety disorder (social phobia) |
| AUTISM | |
| Clinician-Rated Severity of Autism Spectrum and Social Communication Disorders |
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Clinician-rated severity of autism spectrum and social communication disorders |
| BIPOLAR DISORDER | |
| Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) |
Hirschfeld, R. M., Williams, J. B., Spitzer, R. L., Calabrese, J. R., Flynn, L., Keck Jr, P. E., … & Russell, J. M. (2000). Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11), 1873-1875. |
| DEPRESSION | |
| Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) |
Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002). The PHQ-9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32(9), 509-515. |
| Severity Measure for Depression |
(Simplified version of the PHQ-9 above.) |
| EATING DISORDERS | |
| Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) |
Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & O’Connor, M. (1993). The eating disorder examination. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 1-8. Download Interview Guidelines [PDF] |
| GENERAL | |
| Mental Status Exam (MSE) |
Martin, D. C. (1990). The Mental Status Examination, in Walker H.K., Hall W.D., & Hurst J.W. (eds.) Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations. 3rd ed. Butterworths. |
| GRIEF | |
| International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS) |
Stelzer, E. M., Zhou, N., Maercker, A., O’Connor, M. F., & Killikelly, C. (2020). Prolonged grief disorder and the cultural crisis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2982. |
| HOARDING DISORDER | |
| Hoarding Rating Scale Interview (HRS-I) |
Tolin, D.F., Frost, R.O., & Steketee, G. (2010). A brief interview for assessing compulsive hoarding: The Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview. Psychiatry Research, 178, 147-152. |
| OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) | |
| Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) |
Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., Olatunji, B. O., Wheaton, M. G., Berman, N. C., Losardo, D., … & Hale, L. R. (2010). Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 180. |
| PAIN | |
| Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire - Revised (CPAQ-R) |
McCraken, L. M., Vowles, K. E. & Eccleston, C. (2004). Acceptance of chronic pain: component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain, 107, 159-166. |
| POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) | |
| Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) |
Weathers, F. W., Blake, D. D., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (2013). The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) – Standard. |
| PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) |
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28, 489-498. |
| PTSD Symptom Scale - Interview Version for DSM-5 (PSS-I-5) |
Foa, E. B., McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Zhong, J., Rauch, S., Porter, K., Knowles, K., Powers, M. B., & Kauffman, B. Y. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale Interview for DSM–5 (PSSI–5). Psychological Assessment, 28(10), 1159–1165. |
| PSYCHOSIS | |
| Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire - Revised (BAVQ-R) |
Chadwick, P., Lees, S., & Birchwood, M. A. X. (2000). The revised beliefs about voices questionnaire (BAVQ–R). The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(3), 229-232. |
| SLEEP | |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) |
Johns, M. W. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep, 14(6), 540-545. |
| SUICIDALITY AND SELF-INJURY | |
| Brief Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (BNSSI-AT) |
Whitlock, J.L., Exner-Cortens, D. & Purington, A. (2014). Validity and reliability of the non-suicidal self-injury assessment test (NSSI-AT). Psychological Assessment, 26(3): 935-946. |
| Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) |
Posner, K., Brent, D., Lucas, C., Gould, M., Stanley, B., Brown, G., … & Mann, J. (2008). Columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS). New York, NY: Columbia University Medical Center. |
| Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire - Revised (SBQ-R) |
Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Konick, L. C., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2001). The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 8(4), 443-454. |
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| 16Personalities | A free online personality test with 16 combinations of eight, paired characteristics (extraversion (E)/introversion (I), intuition (N)/sensing (S), thinking (T)/feeling (F), judgment (J)/perception (P)). Helpful for understanding one's motivation and natural proclivities, as well as a tool for exploring compatible careers. |
| O*NET Interest Profiler | A free, online tool for exploring one's interests and how they relate to the world of work. Great introspective guide for career planning, considerations when furthering one's education, or just in seeking greater occupational fulfillment. |
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